The iodine number is the number of grams of iodine which reacts with 100 g of fat. Calculate the iodine number of oleic acid.

State one impact on health of the increase in LDL cholesterol concentration in blood.

Explain why stearic acid has a higher melting point than oleic acid.

State one similarity and one difference in composition between phospholipids and triglycerides.

Similarity:

Difference:

d(i).

Identify a reagent that hydrolyses triglycerides.

d(ii).

Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structures of PF3 and PF5 and use the VSEPR theory todeduce the molecular geometry of each species including bond angles.

Predict whether the molecules PF3 and PF5 are polar or non-polar.

State the type of hybridization shown by the phosphorus atom in PF3.

Below are the IR spectra of two plastics (A and B); one is PETE, the other is lowdensity polyethene (LDPE).

Deduce, giving your reasons, the identity and resin identification code (RIC) of A and Busing sections 26 and 30 of the data booklet.

Describe the difference in their structures.

Explain why the difference in their structures affects their melting points.

Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the oxygen atom of molecule A using VSEPR

State the type of hybridization shown by the central carbon atom in molecule B.

State the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds around the central carbon atom in molecule B.

The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:

COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.

Compound A and B are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula C3H6O.

The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the conversion of A to B is 1.0×108 in water at 298 K.

Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, A or B, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.

f(i).

Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, ∆G⦵, in kJ mol–1, for the reaction (A to B) at 298 K. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

f(ii).

Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene.Suggest the synthetic route including all the necessary reactants and steps.

g(i).

Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene.

Suggest why propanal is a minor product obtained from the synthetic route in (g)(i).

g(ii).

Deduce the ratio of Fe2+:Fe3+ in Fe3O4.

State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.

b(i).

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

b(ii).

Iron has a relatively small specific heat capacity; the temperature of a 50 g sample rises by 44.4°C when it absorbs 1 kJ of heat energy.

Determine the specific heat capacity of iron, in J g−1 K−1. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

A voltaic cell is set up between the Fe2+ (aq) | Fe (s) and Fe3+ (aq) | Fe2+ (aq) half-cells.

Deduce the equation and the cell potential of the spontaneous reaction. Use section 24 of the data booklet.

The figure shows an apparatus that could be used to electroplate iron with zinc. Label the figure with the required substances.

Outline why, unlike typical transition metals, zinc compounds are not coloured.

Transition metals like iron can form complex ions. Discuss the bonding between transition metals and their ligands in terms of acid-base theory.