Solved: **Figure 1: Demographic transition model** Source:... [IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) (New Syllabus)]

Question

SLPaper 2

Figure 1: Demographic transition model

Source: https://populationeducation.org/what-demographic-transition-model/

Costa Rica has a crude birth rate (CBR) of 15.3 and a crude death rate (CDR) of 4.8. Identify the stage in which Costa Rica would be placed on the demographic transition model shown in Figure 1.

[1]

Verified

Solution

stage 4 1 mark

Costa Rica has a crude birth rate (CBR) of 15.3 and a crude death rate (CDR) of 4.8.Calculate the natural increase rate (NIR) for Costa Rica.

[1]

Verified

Solution

NIR = 1.05 1 mark

Note: As there is some disagreement in the literature, accept 10.5 (per thousand)

Costa Rica has a crude birth rate (CBR) of 15.3 and a crude death rate (CDR) of 4.8. Calculate the doubling time for Costa Rica.

[1]

Verified

Solution

doubling time (DT) =70NIR

DT = 66.67 years 1 mark

Note: Accept 67 years, but do not credit unless units are given.

Outline one strength and one limitation of the demographic transition model.

[2]

Verified

Solution

Strength 1 mark max:
provides a theoretical basis for comparing other societies;
can be applied to a wide range of societies;
allows predictions to be made regarding transitions / population growth;
it is based on historical data;
indicates relationship between multiple factors;

Weakness 1 mark max:
many assumptions are made to make the model / relationships are quite simplistic;
Eurocentric model might not apply to all countries;
does not take into account events such as migration/war/rapid spread of disease that may have limited impact on populations;

Outline the socioeconomic factors that may cause a society to move from Stage 2 to Stage 3 on the demographic transition model.

[3]

Verified

Solution

Award 1 mark for each statement, 3 mark max

decreasing birth rate/ fertility/growth / smaller families due to:

increased access to contraception/family planning/sex education;
improved (access to) healthcare / reduced child mortality;
improved education/emancipation of women;
shift from agricultural society / less dependence on child labour;

continued decreasing death rate due to:

improved sanitation;
improved (access to) healthcare/food provision;

Note: Must link answer to decreasing birth rate and/or decreasing death rate to earn mark.

Award 2 marks max if candidate addresses only birth rate or only death rate.

**Figure 1: Demographic transition model**

Related topics

Figure 1: Demographic transition model