The image shows part of a plant cell with a chloroplast in close proximity to mitochondria.
State two structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
a. (a loop of) DNA
b.70S ribosomes
c. double membrane
d. electron transport chains/enzyme complexes in (internal) membranes
e. enzymes in a region of fluid/in stroma and matrix
f. large area of (internal) membrane/cristae and thylakoids
Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts in terms of the substrates they use and the products they produce.
a. ATP produced by both / ADP used by both
b. oxygen produced by chloroplasts and used by mitochondria
c. carbon dioxide produced by mitochondria and used by chloroplasts
d. carbon/organic compounds built up in chloroplasts/anabolism and broken down in mitochondria/catabolism
Do not award marks for statements about carbohydrates or glucose (because the pyruvate used by mitochondria is not a carbohydrate).
Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.
a. in phloem
b. loading into sieve tubes/by active transport/by cotransport/by companion cells
c. entry of water (to phloem) by osmosis/because of high solute concentration
d. causes high/hydrostatic pressure
e. flow from high pressure to lower pressure down pressure gradient
Do not award marks if xylem included with phloem.
Do not award a mark solely for mentioning the term ‘translocation'.
