A - Unity and Diversity

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What is cell theory?

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Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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What is cell theory?

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

What are some exceptions to cell theory?

Exceptions include viruses, prions, and syncytia.

What functions do unicellular organisms perform?

Unicellular organisms perform nutrition, excretion, respiration, growth and reproduction, movement, and sensitivity.

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important?

It determines cell size limitations and affects efficiency in material exchange.

What challenges do larger cells face?

Reduced efficiency in material exchange, increased diffusion distances, and difficulty maintaining cellular processes.

What is cell differentiation?

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.

What are stem cells?

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types.

What are the types of stem cells?

Types include totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent.

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

What is the role of electron microscopy in cell biology?

Electron microscopy provides high-resolution images of cell structures, revealing fine details of organelles.

What are the three domains of life?

The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

What is the hierarchical classification system for eukaryotes?

It includes Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

What is natural classification?

Natural classification groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships, using morphological, genetic, and biochemical similarities.

What are the major plant phyla?

Major plant phyla include Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Angiospermae.

What are the major animal phyla?

Major animal phyla include Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata.

What is the function of biological membranes?

Biological membranes control substance movement, facilitate cell signaling, enable cell recognition, and compartmentalize cellular processes.

What are the types of membrane transport?

Types include passive transport (simple and facilitated diffusion) and active transport (primary and secondary).

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells engulfing aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

What are the stages of mitosis?

The stages of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

What is cancer characterized by?

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability to invade other tissues.