Question 1
SLPaper 1Three statements about electrons are:
Which statements identify the particles mediating the forces experienced by electrons?
Question 2
HLPaper 1A pure sample of iodine-131 decays into xenon with a half-life of 8 days.
What is after 24 days?
Question 3
SLPaper 1A graph of the variation of average binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number has a maximum. What is indicated by the region around the maximum?
Question 4
SLPaper 1Some transitions between the energy states of a particular atom are shown.
Energy transition gives rise to a photon of green light. Which transition will give rise to a photon of longer wavelength?
Question 5
SLPaper 1Three conservation laws in nuclear reactions are
The reaction is proposed. Which conservation laws are violated in the proposed reaction?
Question 6
HLPaper 1What is correct about the Higgs Boson?
Question 7
HLPaper 2One possible fission reaction of uranium-235 (U-235) is
Mass of one atom of U-235
Binding energy per nucleon for U-235
Binding energy per nucleon for Xe-140
Binding energy per nucleon for Sr-94
A nuclear power station uses U-235 as fuel. Assume that every fission reaction of U-235 gives rise to of energy.
A sample of waste produced by the reactor contains of strontium-94 (Sr-94). Sr-94 is radioactive and undergoes beta-minus () decay into a daughter nuclide X. The reaction for this decay is
The graph shows the variation with time of the mass of Sr-94 remaining in the sample.
State what is meant by binding energy of a nucleus.
a(i).
Outline why quantities such as atomic mass and nuclear binding energy are often expressed in non-SI units. a(ii).
Show that the energy released in the reaction is about . a(iii).
Estimate, in , the specific energy of U-235. b(i).
The power station has a useful power output of GW and an efficiency of . Determine the mass of U-235 that undergoes fission in one day.
b(ii).
The specific energy of fossil fuel is typically MJ . Suggest, with reference to your answer to (b)(i), one advantage of U-235 compared with fossil fuels in a power station. b(iii).
Write down the proton number of nuclide X. c(i).
State the half-life of . c(ii).
Calculate the mass of Sr-94 remaining in the sample after minutes. c(iii).
Question 8
SLPaper 1The energy-level diagram for an atom that has four energy states is shown.
What is the number of different wavelengths in the emission spectrum of this atom?
Question 9
SLPaper 1As quarks separate from each other within a hadron, the interaction between them becomes larger. What is the nature of this interaction?
Question 10
HLPaper 1During the nuclear fission of nucleus X into nucleus Y and nucleus Z, energy is released. The binding energies per nucleon of X, Y and Z are , and respectively. What is true about the binding energy per nucleon of X, Y and Z?